![]() The scoring system is based on a 10-point scale, with a performance description defined for each level. In the new evaluation system, as in artistic gymnastics and figure skating, evaluation is divided into artistic and technical aspects. In Dancesport, competitive ballroom dancing, a new evaluation system based on absolute evaluation, was introduced in 2013 this replaced the previous evaluation system that was found to be relative ( World DanceSport Federation, 2021b). Thus, both artistic gymnastics and figure-skating competitions employ highly reliable evaluation systems. Inter-judge correlation has been found to be above 0.9 for both technical and artistic scores ( Lockwood et al., 2005). The reliability of figure-skating judges has also been investigated. In figure skating, another Olympic sport, final scores are calculated based on scores for technical elements, programme components and any deductions ( International Skating Union, 2021). ![]() Many studies have examined the reliability of this evaluation system using the results of past competitions, and high reliability has been reported ( Leskošek et al., 2010 Atiković et al., 2011 Bučar et al., 2012 Pajek et al., 2013, 2014). Scores are determined by absolute evaluations that are based on the difficulty and kinematic criteria for all techniques, as defined in the Code of Points ( Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique, 2021). In Olympic artistic gymnastics, evaluations are divided into artistic and technical categories. In this context, clear evaluation criteria must be defined for hip-hop dance to be considered a viable competition so that dancers, judges and audiences share a common understanding of the definition of superior hip-hop dance performance. It was first considered an Olympic sport in the 2018 Youth Olympics and will make its debut in the 2024 Olympics ( International Olympic Committee, 2021). However, in recent years, hip-hop dance has become more competitive. Originally, the impression of the audience was considered to be the most important factor in evaluating hip-hop dance the winner of a competition was determined based on the audience’s extent of excitement. It has spread rapidly and many hip-hop dance competitions have been held worldwide. Hip-hop dance is freestyle dance that began as street dancing, a part of the hip-hop culture ( Craine and Mackrell, 2010), which includes breaking, rocking, popping, house and street jazz dances ( Ojofeitimi et al., 2012). Developing these definitions and identifying the biases that affect evaluation would ensure a reliable evaluation system. There are no levels of difficulty defined for technique, no criteria set for correct movement and no explanation provided for each scoring level, which suggests that each judge may have interpreted the criteria for evaluating hip-hop dance differently. Systematic bias was significant for all categories. This study found that the technical quality category demonstrated good reliability, whilst the impression showed poor reliability. The judges scored on a 10-point scale in five categories as follows: creativity, expression and interpretation, impression, technical quality, and synchronisation. In these competitions, five experienced judges evaluated the dancers’ performances. Judges’ scores were obtained from national dance competitions held annually in Japan between 20. The analysis focused on the scores for each assessment category separately. This study examined the reliability and validity of judging system scores of past hip-hop dance competitions in Japan. ![]() Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Science, Nagoya Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.At any given point, the body part that is moving should be higher than other body parts. You are trying to make it look like a wave is running through your body.Lastly, drop your wrist down and point your left hand upward. ![]() Bend your left hand down at the same time. Then, move your left wrist up while dropping your elbow. Drop your left shoulder while raising your left elbow. Lift your left shoulder up while your lower your right shoulder.Then, straighten your arm out while lifting your shoulder. Bend your elbow to move your hand and shoulder downward, while raising your elbow slightly. Then, move your hand down until your fingertips are lined up with your shoulders. Start by lifting your right hand up slightly.To do the arm wave, start off by holding your arms out in a straight line perpendicular to the floor. This is a simple hip-hop move you can practice at home and then throw into a dance routine.
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